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	<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Levels_workshop</id>
	<title>Levels workshop - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Levels_workshop"/>
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	<updated>2026-06-14T07:12:52Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3363&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 02:14, 25 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3363&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-25T02:14:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:06, 25 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;temporal scales spanning several orders &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales &lt;/del&gt;are &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Abstract &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;current list &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;invitees &lt;/ins&gt;are &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;here&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Top_down_or_bottom_up]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly span two or more scales of measurement and analysis&lt;/del&gt;:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Kilian Koepsell or Tim Blanche ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale GLM  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Kilian Koepsell or Tim Blanche ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale GLM  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Gyorgii &lt;/del&gt;Buzsaki ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale modeling  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Gyorgy &lt;/ins&gt;Buzsaki ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale modeling  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Peter Robinson, Jim Wright or David Liley ||multimodal human data, esp. EEG ||whole brain modeling&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Peter Robinson, Jim Wright or David Liley ||multimodal human data, esp. EEG ||whole brain modeling&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3356&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 03:31, 24 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3356&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-24T03:31:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 03:23, 24 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;causal &lt;/del&gt;dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;correlational &lt;/ins&gt;dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3355&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 03:24, 24 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3355&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-24T03:24:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 03:16, 24 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the causal dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the causal dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to &lt;/del&gt;span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3354&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 03:20, 24 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3354&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-24T03:20:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Most experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale, regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the causal dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and what are the upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our invited speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multi-electrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
List of invitees:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class = &amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tony Bell||&amp;quot;big picture&amp;quot; overview ||cross-scale theoretical framework&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Kilian Koepsell or Tim Blanche ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale GLM &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Gyorgii Buzsaki ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Peter Robinson, Jim Wright or David Liley ||multimodal human data, esp. EEG ||whole brain modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Jean-Philippe Lachaux ||human eCog, EEG &amp;amp; MEG data ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Pascal Fries or Thilo Womelsdorf ||spikes and LFP ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Charles Schroeder, Bressler or Lakatos ||? ||? &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Ryan Canolty, Kai Miller or colleague ||human eCog ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|David Mc Cormick ||intra-/extracellular spike data ||micro-meso scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Rafael Malach, Rami Arieli, Fried, or Quiroga||human spike and LFP data ||meso-macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We hope you will join us for discussion and debate at what promises to be a very exciting workshop!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Other potential invitees&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grinvald, Tsodyks, Logothetis; Victor; Purpura; Fred Wolf; Yang Dan; Rob Fromke; Ken Harris; Bijan Pesaran; Terry Sejnowski; Larry Abbott; Jack Cowan; Walter Freeman; Elizabeth Buffalo; Paul Nunez or post-doc...&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3351&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tony at 01:18, 22 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3351&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-22T01:18:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:10, 22 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Experimental &lt;/del&gt;neuroscientists and theoreticians &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;alike &lt;/del&gt;tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/del&gt;regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, how are signals conveyed between levels and what are the resulting upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Most experimental &lt;/ins&gt;neuroscientists and theoreticians tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, how are signals conveyed between levels and what are the resulting upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;workshop &lt;/del&gt;speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;multielectrode &lt;/del&gt;arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;invited &lt;/ins&gt;speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;multi-electrode &lt;/ins&gt;arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;List of invitees:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tony</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3350&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tony at 01:16, 22 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3350&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-22T01:16:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:08, 22 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians alike tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale. regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians alike tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale. regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, how are signals conveyed between levels and what are the resulting upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, how are signals conveyed between levels and what are the resulting upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our workshop speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multielectrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our workshop speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multielectrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tony</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3349&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tony at 01:16, 22 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3349&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-22T01:16:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians alike tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale. regarding lower scales as &amp;#039;implementational detail&amp;#039; and higher scales as phenomena to explain using the scale under study. While much progress has been made using this approach,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
operates largely independently of lower and higher scales, despite the fact that descriptions at different scales are descriptions of the same thing at different resolutions. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the correlational dependencies across levels in neural data? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, how are signals conveyed between levels and what are the resulting upward and downward flows of information across time?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our workshop speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multielectrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly to span two or more scales of measurement and analysis: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
List of invitees:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class = &amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tony Bell||&amp;quot;big picture&amp;quot; overview ||cross-scale theoretical framework&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Kilian Koepsell or Tim Blanche ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale GLM &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Gyorgii Buzsaki ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Peter Robinson, Jim Wright or David Liley ||multimodal human data, esp. EEG ||whole brain modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Jean-Philippe Lachaux ||human eCog, EEG &amp;amp; MEG data ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Pascal Fries or Thilo Womelsdorf ||spikes and LFP ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Charles Schroeder, Bressler or Lakatos ||? ||? &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Ryan Canolty, Kai Miller or colleague ||human eCog ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|David Mc Cormick ||intra-/extracellular spike data ||micro-meso scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Malach, Arieli, Fried, or Quiroga||human spike and LFP data ||meso-macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We hope you will join us for discussion and debate at what promises to be a very exciting workshop!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Other potential invitees&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grinvald, Tsodyks, Areli; Logothetis; Victor; Purpura; Fred Wolf; Yang Dan; Rob Fromke; Ken Harris; Bijan Pesaran; Terry Sejnowski; Larry Abbott; Jack Cowan; Walter Freeman; Elizabeth Buffalo; Paul Nunez or post-doc...&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tony</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3346&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 19:19, 21 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3346&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-21T19:19:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:11, 21 September 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Pascal Fries or Thilo Womelsdorf ||spikes and LFP ||meso scale modeling  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Pascal Fries or Thilo Womelsdorf ||spikes and LFP ||meso scale modeling  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Charlie &lt;/del&gt;Schroeder, Bressler or Lakatos ||? ||?  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Charles &lt;/ins&gt;Schroeder, Bressler or Lakatos ||? ||?  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Ryan Canolty, Kai Miller or colleague ||human eCog ||macro scale modeling&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|Ryan Canolty, Kai Miller or colleague ||human eCog ||macro scale modeling&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3345&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kilian at 19:19, 21 September 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rctn.org/w/index.php?title=Levels_workshop&amp;diff=3345&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-09-21T19:19:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The brain functions on multiple spatial and temporal scales spanning several orders of magnitude. Experimental neuroscientists and theoreticians alike tend to measure and model the brain at a single scale. While much progress has been made using this approach, the success of this paradigm rests on the assumption that the process or mechanism being studied at one scale operates largely independently of lower and higher scales. The central themes of this workshop are thus: to what extent can overall brain function be understood one scale at a time? What has been learned by measuring and modeling brain processes across scales? Is there an optimal scale to model brain function? What are the causal dependencies between scales? What information is processed at a given scale, how much redundancy is there, and how are signals conveyed between levels?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These are not new questions, but the tools emerging to answer them are. Our workshop speakers use experimental and theoretical techniques that give a window on brain dynamics from single neurons to whole brains, modeling data obtained from whole cell recordings, implantable multielectrode arrays, high-density EEG and epidural electrode arrays, fMRI, and MEG. The risk with such a workshop is that it fades into a series of loosely connected talks. We hope to avoid this veritable &amp;quot;Tower of Babel&amp;quot; by having speakers who not only have diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, but whose research endeavors explicitly span two or more scales of measurement and analysis:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
List of invitees:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class = &amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
|Tony Bell||&amp;quot;big picture&amp;quot; overview ||cross-scale theoretical framework&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Kilian Koepsell or Tim Blanche ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale GLM &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Gyorgii Buzsaki ||spikes &amp;amp; LFP with polytrodes ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Peter Robinson, Jim Wright or David Liley ||multimodal human data, esp. EEG ||whole brain modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Jean-Philippe Lachaux ||human eCog, EEG &amp;amp; MEG data ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Pascal Fries or Thilo Womelsdorf ||spikes and LFP ||meso scale modeling &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Charlie Schroeder, Bressler or Lakatos ||? ||? &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Ryan Canolty, Kai Miller or colleague ||human eCog ||macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|David Mc Cormick ||intra-/extracellular spike data ||micro-meso scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Malach, Arieli, Fried, or Quiroga||human spike and LFP data ||meso-macro scale modeling&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We hope you will join us for discussion and debate at what promises to be a very exciting workshop!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Other potential invitees&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grinvald, Tsodyks, Areli; Logothetis; Victor; Purpura; Fred Wolf; Yang Dan; Rob Fromke; Ken Harris; Bijan Pesaran; Terry Sejnowski; Larry Abbott; Jack Cowan; Walter Freeman; Elizabeth Buffalo; Paul Nunez or post-doc...&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kilian</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>